In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, cocoa powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a large bowl or stand mixer, cream together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 3-4 minutes.
Beat in the eggs one at a time, then add the vanilla extract, buttermilk, and red food coloring. Mix until well combined.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing on low speed until just combined.
Cover the dough with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 2 hours or overnight.
Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) and line baking sheets with parchment paper.
Scoop tablespoon-sized balls of dough onto the prepared baking sheets, spacing them about 2 inches apart.
Bake for 10-12 minutes, until the edges are set but the centers are still soft.
Allow the cookies to cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.
While the cookies are cooling, prepare the frosting. Beat the cream cheese and butter until smooth. Gradually add the powdered sugar and vanilla extract, mixing until creamy.
Once the cookies are completely cool, frost them using a piping bag or spread the frosting with a knife.